Iyo yekupedzisira boom mune tekinoroji ruzivo rweIndasitiri yeCopperZvakaitika mumakumi maviri emakore ekutanga ezana rino zana, apo yakavhurika pirin yemugodhi, kuridza mhere, uye iyo yekudzokorora inonamira yakagadziridzwa kuPorphyry the they

Kunze kwekusunungura-solvent explc tion-lectrowintinning, nzira dzekutanga dzepi dzekugadzira dzakaramba dzisingachinjiki kwemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Zvakare, vatanhatu vemagodhi akavhura gore rimwe chete

Panzvimbo pekusvetukira kumberi, tekinoroji indasitimu yemhangura mumakore makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe apfuura Hupfumi hwechiyero chave chaicho

ized mune zvese zvikamu zve copper kugadzirwa. Ose ari maviri ma chine uye kubereka kwevanhu kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.

Chitsauko ichi chinotsanangura muchidimbu tekinoroji yekugadzira mhangura, kubva pakuongorora, kuburikidza nemucheto uye kugaya, kunatswa uye kunatsa kana kusarudzika. Iyo Chap ST inotanga neReview yenhoroondo yekopi pane tekinoroji kukura. Ipapo, kune yega yega

Stage muCopper kugadzirwa, iyo-ye-iyo-iyo-yehunyanzvi Mufananidzo 6-1

Inoratidza kuyerera-mashitsi ePyrometallurgical 'uye hydrometallurgical

2 Kugadzirwa kwemhangura. Matafura 6-1 uye 6-2 ipa capsule spmaries yeiyi maitiro.

1 Pyrometaiiurgy ndiyo yekubvisa metai kubva kuOres uye mafambiro ekururamisa uchishandisa makemikari maitiro ekupisa kwakanyanya.

2 Hydrometallurgy ndiko kudzoreredzwa kweMetais kubva kuOres uchishandisa mvura yakavakirwa mhinduro.

Pakutanga kubva 6000 BC, mhangura yemukati - iyo simbi yakachena - yakawanikwa sematombo akatsvuka mumatombo eIterranean uye akagurwa mumidziyo, zvombo, nezvombo. Vanosvika 5000 BC, artisans vakaona kuti kupisa kwakaita kuti mhangura yakawanda malle. Kukanda uye kuhukura kwegoridhe kwakatanga kusvika 4000-3500 BC (ona Mufananidzo 6-2). Munenge makumi maviri neshanu Ndarira, mubatanidzwa wemhangura uye zinc, zvimwe haana kuvandudzwa kusvika 300 ad

Copper yakatanga kuongororwa (sekupesana nekuwanikwa muvhu) muTimna Valley muIsrael - nzvimbo isina divi inotendwa kuti ive nzvimbo yeMambo Solo mones (ona Mufananidzo 6-3). VaFenikiya uye vanosarudza, avo vakashanda mitezo mikuru paCyprus uye muRio Tinto nzvimbo yeSouth Semuenzaniso, iyo ro mans yakawanikwa inosvika zana emhando-yakaumbwa miviri yezvinhu muRio Tinto Copper Dunhu. VaGeologists yemazuva ano vakawana chete mashoma ekuwedzera mari, uye anenge ese eRio Tinto gadziriro yemazuva ano yakabva kuOre yakatanga kuwanikwa neiyo funns.

3 kuRio Tinto, iyo inosimudza yakachinja kumusoro, nzombe yedare, chikamu che ore uye akaunganidza mhangura yegavhuna inogadzirwa nemvura inotarisa pasi nepakati pemitumbi one. VaMoors vakati vakunda chikamu ichi panguva yeMiddle Ages, iyo ozi dzehusiku dzakanyarara. Unhu hwakagadzirwa neRoma, murwi wakasarudzika, uye simbi dzakasarudzika tekines dzakaramba dzichishandiswa kuRio tinto muzana muzana rino ramakore.

MuBritain, mhangura uye tini vaishandiswa muzvimedu zvechibage uye vaitengeswa nemaFenikiya kutanga kwa10000